Which disease is known to cause hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly stimulates the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormones, leading to an overactive thyroid, or hyperthyroidism. This results in symptoms such as increased metabolism, weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety, among others.

The other options listed are not connected to hyperthyroidism. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum and is related to abdominal infections. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) pertains to digestive issues where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon. Each of these diseases affects different body systems and does not cause the overproduction of thyroid hormones seen in hyperthyroidism. Thus, Graves disease is the clear choice that directly correlates with the condition described.