What is characterized by excessive production of parathormone?

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by the excessive production of parathormone, which is also known as parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood, promoting the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and conserving calcium by the kidneys. In hyperparathyroidism, the overproduction of parathormone leads to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including weakness, fatigue, kidney stones, and bone pain.

In contrast, hypoparathyroidism involves insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, which can lead to low calcium levels in the blood (hypocalcemia) and symptoms such as muscle cramps and tingling. Goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland, often related to iodine deficiency or other thyroid disorders, while uremia refers to a condition related to kidney failure that results in the accumulation of waste products in the blood, which is not directly related to parathormone levels.