What condition is characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland?

An enlarged thyroid gland is known as a goiter. This condition can occur due to various factors, including iodine deficiency, which is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. When there is not enough iodine in the diet, the thyroid gland may enlarge in an attempt to produce more hormones. It can also result from other thyroid-related disorders, such as Graves disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but the term "goiter" specifically refers to the enlargement itself, irrespective of the underlying cause.

Understanding goiter is important, especially in regions where iodine intake is low, as it can lead to various metabolic dysfunctions and symptoms associated with both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. While Graves disease is a form of hyperthyroidism that can also result in goiter, the term specifically indicating the enlargement is what makes "goiter" the most accurate answer in this context.