What condition is characterized by decreased secretion of aldosterone?

The condition characterized by decreased secretion of aldosterone is Addison's disease. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient amounts of hormones, including aldosterone, which is crucial for regulating blood pressure and maintaining electrolyte balance in the body. Aldosterone helps control the body's sodium and potassium levels, influencing fluid volume and blood pressure. When aldosterone levels are low, it can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, low blood pressure, dehydration, and an increase in potassium levels.

Other conditions listed, such as Cushing's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and adrenal hyperplasia, are associated with different hormonal imbalances or pathophysiological changes. Cushing's syndrome results from excessive cortisol production and is not related to decreased aldosterone secretion. Prostatic hypertrophy pertains to the prostate gland's enlargement and is unrelated to adrenal hormone levels. Adrenal hyperplasia often refers to an increase in adrenal hormone production, which would not involve decreased secretion of aldosterone. Thus, Addison's disease directly correlates with the decreased secretion of aldosterone, making it the correct answer.